Cordel Literature in the Classroom: Reflections from the Podcast Developed by Pet-Letras/Ufpe

This paper aims to describe the elaboration of the episode "Cordel literature in the classroom", which is part of the Tutorial Education Program (PET-Letras) Podcast of the Federal University of Pernambuco, broadcast on the Group's YouTube channel, the Parafraseando. We aim to reflect on the place of cordel literature in the classroom, relating the speech of the interviewee, Professor Helder Pinheiro (UFCG), to theories about poetry in the classroom, in order to present the methodology for the construction of this type of extension action that has been giving good results. It is also interesting to point out that the construction of the podcast comes from the need that the group had to continue its outreach activities in the face of the new coronavirus pandemic.

A New Normal Regression with Medical Applications

We define the generalized odd log-logistic normal regression with a dispersion systematic component. We obtain a linear representation, some of its properties, and maximum likelihood estimates. Furthermore, we carry out several simulations for different schemes to evaluate the accuracy of the estimators. The robustness of the new regression model is proved by modeling COVID-19 data. The proposed model explains COVID-19 ICU survival times of the patients in a Brazilian hospital. © 2023.

Dynamics and Heterogeneity of the Lung Immunopathology in Severe COVID-19

Background: The key impact of SARS-CoV-2 is its ability to cause a life-threatening infection in the lung. Aim(s): Using spatially resolved multiplex imaging the present study decodes the immunopathological complexity of severe COVID-19. Method(s): Autopsy lung tissue from 18 COVID-19 patients was used to map immune and structural cells in acute/exudative, intermediate and advanced diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) through multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial statistical analyses. Cytokine profiling, viral, bacteria and fungi detection and transcriptome analyses were also performed. Result(s): All cases displayed concomitant patterns of DAD. The spatially resolved multiplex data revealed intricate patchworks of mm -size microenvironments representing distinct immunological niches. In-depth analysis of DAD areas revealed that the temporal/spatial DAD progression is associated with expansion of adaptive immune cells, macrophages, CD8 T cells, fibroblasts, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Viral load correlated positively with acute DAD and negatively with disease/hospital length. Cytokines correlated mainly with macrophages and CD8 T cells. Pro-coagulation and acute repair markers were enriched in acute DAD whereas intermediate/advanced DAD had a molecular profile of elevated humoral and innate immune responses and extracellular matrix production. Conclusion(s): Our unraveling of the spatio-temporal immunopathology in COVID-19 cases exposes the heterogeneous dynamics of acute viral infection and subsequent responses that occur side-by-side in the lungs. This complex disease feature has important implications for disease management and development of novel immunemodulatory treatments.

Differentially expressed genes in Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD) patterns of COVID-19

Severe COVID-19 induces DAD, a condition with temporal-spatial heterogeneity. We determined the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the histological patterns of DAD. Twelve fatal COVID-19 cases were classified in acute DAD (n=5) and intermediate/advanced (IA) DAD (n=7). Autopsy lung RNA was extracted from COVID-19 and 4 control cases. RNA sequencing was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Enrichment analysis was performed with clusterProfiler using Genome-wide annotation for Human R package. GO terms and KEGG pathways were considered enriched if adjusted p<=0.05. Principal component analysis showed that IA-DAD samples were grouped, while acute DAD samples were scattered. The differential expression analysis between these two groups and the control cases revealed: 261 DEGs in the acute DAD (143 Up- and 53 Down-regulated), 244 DEGs in the IA- DAD tissues (67 Up- and 116 Down-regulated), and 61 DEGs were shared between them (45 Up- and 16 Downregulated). Patients with acute DAD had up-regulated genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, blood coagulation, megakaryocytes differentiation/regulation, and platelet degranulation/activation. Patients with IA-DAD had DEGs related to immunoglobulins and extracellular matrix. The shared up-regulated DEGs between both patterns are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. We selected 3 DEGs in each DAD pattern for validation by realtime PCR. There were no differences in acute DAD DEGs, but DEGs overexpressed in intermediate DAD (COL3A1, IGLV3-19, IGHV1-58) were significantly higher. Genes related to thrombotic events occur at the acute stage of DAD, whereas immunoglobulin production and remodeling occur at later stages of DAD.

Correlation between lung inflammatory cells, viral load and cytokines in fatal COVID-19

SARS-CoV2 infection induces a complex interaction between virus and host immune system, activating multiple inflammatory pathways and leading to hyperinflammation, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), ARDS, and multiorgan failure. We aimed to correlate the quantification of viral load, inflammatory cells and cytokines in lung tissue of fatal COVID-19. We assessed inflammatory cells by multiplex immunohistochemistry, cytokines by Luminex xMAP Assay and viral load by real time PCR in autopsy lung tissue of 18 COVID-19 patients. Correlations were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Macrophages correlated with IL-1beta (r=0.54), IL-10 (r=0.5), IFN-alpha2 (r=0.72), IFN-gamma (r=0.6), CCL20 (r=0.5), TGF-beta1 (r=0.6), TGF-beta2 (r=0.6). CD4+T cells correlated with CCL20 (r=0.6), MDC/CCL2 (r=0.53), CCL17 (r=0.5), IP-10 (r=0.6), CXCL9 (r=0.6). CD8+T cells correlated with IL-1beta (r=0.54), IL-4 (r=0.63), IL-6 (r=0.7), IL-8 (r=0.63), IL-10 (r=0.6), TNF-alpha (r=0.6), IFN-gamma (r=0.74), CCL20 (r=0.7), TGF-beta1 (r=0.7), TGF-beta2 (r=0.56), TGF-beta3 (r=0.54), MDC/CCL2 (r=0.7), CCL17 (r=0.64). Langerin dendritic cells (DC) correlated with symptom onset to death interval (r=0.6), hospitalization length (r=0.65), mechanical ventilation (MV) length (r=0.6), ICU stay (r=0.6), exudative DAD (r=-0.5), viral load (r=-0.6). Myeloid DC correlated with symptom onset to death interval (r=0.8), hospitalization length (r=0.8), MV length (r=0.8), ICU stay (r=0.8), exudative DAD (r=-0.5), viral load (r=-0.7). Viral load correlated with symptom onset to death interval (r=-0.7), hospitalization length (r=-0.8), MV length (r=-0.7), ICU stay (r=-0.8), exudative DAD (r=0.6). There is a complex temporal inflammatory modulation in severe COVID-19.

Face Mask Speech Impairment, Evidences from Preschool to High School

The face masks are one of the best tools to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although these could stop being used in a future, there are plenty of application where their use is needed. For this reason, their study in terms of health effects and speech intelligibility and articulation index could be interesting. In this research, a survey was carried out to know the effect of wearing face mask in different education levels. Besides, a study of the speech intelligibility, articulation index and sound quality evaluations were carried out to research which type of the face mask should be used in education settings. The results suggest that there is a correlation between the health effects due to the use of the face mask and the gender or the type of contract. Additionally, there are significant differences in terms of speech intelligibility, articulation index and loudness depending on the type of face mask used, the distance between students and teachers and if the students have hearing-impaired. Thus, this paper can provide a guidance on how to choose the best face mask to improve speech understanding when communicating with other people, especially in education settings. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Teachers' Knowledge in the Post-2020 Technological Context: Theoretical Reflections for Teachers' Education1

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about social, cultural, and educational changes. The isolation to which we were subjected has transformed how we see society, relate to each other, express emotions, and carry out schooling. Will the existing literature on teacher education, widely used in teacher education, be able to meet the "new normal”? Objective: To relate the theoretical contributions to teacher training and analyse, considering the educational perspective and the technological knowledge necessary for the teacher's work after 2020. Design: To this end, we undertook bibliographic research, with interpretive analysis. Results: After relating the theories of Shulman, Perrenoud, Imbernón, Nóvoa, Mishra, and Koehler, we found that the authors, each in their own way, highlight the relevance of continuing education and so teachers prepare to face the changes and integrate the DICT in their remote or face-to-face classes. The ruptures are part of the educational routine;it is up to the teacher, from their reflective practice, to rebuild their knowledge to meet the needs of the different scenarios today. Conclusions: Thus, the theoretical bases presented constitute practical bases for the teaching performance, since acting in uncertainty in the face of changes and ruptures in teaching and learning models, with the establishment of a new pedagogical composition, has implied reflections on teaching knowledge about teacher education processes. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the means of accommodation in the main tourist destinations on the coast of Ceará, Brazil

The health crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, aside the thousands of lives lost, had a huge impact on all segments of society, with tourism-related activities being the main afflicted. The lodging industry was one of the first activities to be affected and one of the last to recover. Thus, the present investigation aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on accommodation means of the main tourist destinations of the Ceará coast. Data acquisition was done through e-form whose application took place between June and July 2020, with a total of 56 responses. The data shows that 75% of hosting facilities are the Inn type, with more than 15 years of operation in which the pandemic generated an impact of 66 to 80% on the half-yearly revenue of these establishments. Expenses reduction, daily vouchers with future use and digital marketing are identified as the main strategies to circumvent the negative effects of the crisis. © 2022, Universidade Federal de Goias. All rights reserved.

New Didactic Gestures on Emergency Remote Teaching: Lessons Learned in Education at Covid-19 Pandemic Times

The aim of this research was to understand the teacher' s perceptions of his didactic gestures on Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The study was classified as an exploratory and cross-sectional type, and data were collected through an online questionnaire (using a Likert scale), with statements to be judged by 108 Higher Education professors of a University at ABC of Sao Paulo. The data were analyzed by the Chi-square test (X2). The main findings were that the participants: a) still do not realizes if the students are really learning in this new scenario;b) they value the interaction with students through dialogue and questioning;c) they had to study hard to help students how to learn on ERT;d) they still need to develop the regulation founder gesture, which allows them to diagnose students difficulties and obstacles in relation to stages of the learning process and, from that, to establish goals for the development of capacities. In conclusion, it is necessary to include technologies in teacher training courses, as tools for interaction and pedagogical mediation in order to develop new pedagogical skills in the participating teacher.

Outcomes After Covid-19 Infection in Transplant Recipients

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of readmission, rejection, graft dysfunction, graft failure, and death in SOT recipients (SOTR) after COVID-19 infection. Method(s): We conducted a retrospective cohort study of SOTR diagnosed with COVID-19 infection before 5/1/2021. COVID-19 disease severity was assigned retrospectively by NIH criteria and grouped into asymptomatic/mild and moderate/ severe/critical infection. Data collected included demographics, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes. Bivariate comparisons to evaluate characteristics associated with outcomes were performed with independent group t-tests for continuous variables and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Result(s): 138 SOTR were diagnosed with COVID-19 at a median of 5 (IQR 3-8) years post-transplant with a mean age of 57+/-12 years at diagnosis. Most were kidney or liver recipients (Table 1);49 (36%) had asymptomatic or mild infection. 29 (21%) of SOTR had moderate, 26 (19%) severe, and 31 (22%) critical infection. Disease severity, treatment with steroids or remdesivir did not correlate with rejection. Most graft failures occurred in SOTR with critical (n=12) disease (Table 2). 102 (74%) SOTR were admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 infection, of which 27 (26%) were readmitted more than 2 months after their index hospitalization. Of the readmissions, 5 were for renal complications, 5 infectious, and 7 pulmonary. Among those hospitalized, 13 (13%) SOTR died during the index admission. Among the 27 SOTR who were readmitted, 3 (11%) SOTR died during readmission. The mean time from initial infection to death was 121+/-176 days. Conclusion(s): In this cohort, disease severity was associated with graft failure. Readmissions were frequent more than 2 months after the index admission. Mortality in those who were readmitted remained high. Rejection was relatively infrequent.

Differences in Acceptance to the Kidney Transplant List

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, kidney transplant (KT) evaluations shifted from in-person evaluation (IPE) to telemedicine evaluation (TME). Given differences in access to electronics and internet, we thought that TME may advantage some social groups' access to the KT list. We evaluated if differences in acceptance to KT listing exist between pre- and post-pandemic eras, or between IPE and TME. We identified associations between other socioeconomic factors and KT listing. Method(s): Demographic and social data were collected from charts of patients evaluated for KT in the pre- (3/13/2019-3/13/2020) and post-pandemic era (3/14/2020- 3/14/2021). Categorical data are presented in proportions and frequencies;continuous data in means+/-SDEV. Independent group t-tests and Fisher's exact tests were used for bivariate comparisons. Result(s): Of 1061 charts, 1015 included data on race/ethnicity: 608 (59.1%) Black, 335 (33.6%) White, 40 (3.9%) Hispanic, 29 (2.8%) Asian, and 3 (0.3%) other. Overall, 629 (59%) evaluations were pre- and 430 (41%) post-pandemic. 734 (72%) were IPE and 288 (28%) TME. 553 (54%) candidates were denied for medical (310, 56%) and social (184, 33%) reasons;469 (46%) were accepted for listing. Employment status was known in 979 candidates: 278 (28%) employed, 368 (38%) disabled, 66 (7%) unemployed, and 267 (27%) retired. Evaluation in the post-pandemic era (p=0.002) was associated with acceptance for listing. TME was also associated with acceptance for listing (p<0.001). Pre-pandemic, there were 604 IPE and 1 TME of whom 253 (42%) were accepted, including the TME (p=0.238). Post-pandemic 130 evaluations were IPE and 287 TME, of whom 215 (52%) were accepted, including 58 (45%) IPE and 157 (55%) TME (p=0.061). Employment status (p<0.001) and mental health status (p=0.009) were associated with acceptance for listing. There was no association between race/ethnicity (p=0.809) or distance from home to the transplant center (p=0.693) and acceptance for listing. There were no differences in race/ ethnicity (p=0.951), employment status (p=0.202), or mental health status (p=0.742) between pre- and post-pandemic eras. Assessment of social support (p=0.002) and overall social work assessment (p<0.001) were associated with acceptance for listing. The level of social support (rated on a 1-5 scale) was associated with being accepted for listing pre-pandemic (p=0.001) but not post-pandemic (p=0.769). Conclusion(s): KT evaluations decreased by about one third during the post-pandemic era. Evaluation in the post-pandemic era, evaluation by TME, employment status, mental health status, assessment of social support and overall social work assessment were all associated with being listed for KT. There were no differences in race/ethnicity, employment status, or mental health status between eras, which is unexpected given the additional stressors of the pandemic on employment and mental health.

Face Mask Speech Impairment, Evidences from Preschool to High School

The face masks are one of the best tools to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although these could stop being used in a future, there are plenty of application where their use is needed. For this reason, their study in terms of health effects and speech intelligibility and articulation index could be interesting. In this research, a survey was carried out to know the effect of wearing face mask in different education levels. Besides, a study of the speech intelligibility, articulation index and sound quality evaluations were carried out to research which type of the face mask should be used in education settings. The results suggest that there is a correlation between the health effects due to the use of the face mask and the gender or the type of contract. Additionally, there are significant differences in terms of speech intelligibility, articulation index and loudness depending on the type of face mask used, the distance between students and teachers and if the students have hearing-impaired. Thus, this paper can provide a guidance on how to choose the best face mask to improve speech understanding when communicating with other people, especially in education settings. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The perception of students from a higher education institution regarding the importance of education in OSH subjects during COVID pandemic

Work safety in general is a set of methods that aim to control the risks associated with the workplace. In engineering courses, this discipline is mandatory;however, non-engineering courses are presented optionally. Thus, as not all students have contact with the discipline of safety and health at work, the need arises to understand the perception of students about this discipline. For this, a questionnaire was developed to capture the perception attributed to occupational health and safety. This questionnaire was made available online, via institutional email. The work was carried out at a Portuguese public university. 275 students (80.2% of the expected) enrolled in 17 undergraduate courses (those that are not related to engineering) answered the questionnaire. For statistical analysis, courses were grouped into clusters (N = 10) according to pre-established criteria. As results it was noticed that: (1) in relation to curricular preferences, cluster 3 presented better indicators about the importance of Safety and Health at Work, while cluster 5 presented the worst indicators of importance;(2) in cluster 7, 100% of respondents stated that safety is of utmost importance and in return, only 40% stated the same in cluster 4. It is concluded that there is a difference between the perception of the importance given to Safety and Health at Work among the studied clusters. This highlights how important the dissemination of content is in relation to safety, a factor that has the potential to reduce the perceived disparity among students of the various courses. © 2021 University of Minho. All rights reserved.

Covid-19 in the scope of Socioscientific Issues: Modeling the problem and outlining educational possibilities

In view of the current coronavirus pandemic scenario (Covid-19), researchers from the most varied segments of the sciences have been mobilized to understand the problem, outline strategies to combat and suppress contagion, as well as mitigate the consequences that, according to national and international experience, have dramatically affected the life of society. As teachers, future teachers and researchers in the field of science education, we feel mobilized to address the issue from the point of view of Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI). Thus, this article seeks to delineate the problem from the perspective of the SSI, defining the controversial aspects, and to indicate possibilities for its treatment in the school context, showing formative and methodological perspectives, understanding this as a political and ethical commitment. In times of crisis, it is essential to mobilize our knowledge in order to understand, analyze, criticize and overcome it. © 2021 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Fisica. All rights reserved.

Comprime - Conhecer mais para intervir melhor: Preliminary mapping of municipal level determinants of covid-19 transmission in Portugal at different moments of the 1st epidemic wave

Background: The role of demographic and socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 transmission is still unclear and is expected to vary in different contexts and epidemic periods. Exploring such determinants may generate a hypothesis about transmission and aid the definition of prevention strategies. Objectives: To identify municipality-level demographic and socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 in Portugal. Methods: We assessed determinants of COVID-19 daily cases at 4 moments of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Portugal, related with lockdown and post-lockdown measures. We selected 60 potential determinants from 5 dimensions: population and settlement, disease, economy, social context, and mobility. We conducted a multiple linear regression (MLR) stepwise analysis (p < 0.05) and an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis with the variables to identify predictors of the number of daily cases. Results: For MLR, some of the identified variables were: resident population and population density, exports, overnight stays in touristic facilities, the location quotient of employment in accommodation, catering and similar activities, education, restaurants and lodging, some industries and building construction, the share of the population working outside the municipality, the net migration rate, income, and renting. In ANN, some of the identified variables were: population density and resident population, urbanization, students in higher education, income, exports, social housing buildings, production services employment, and the share of the population working outside the municipality of residence. Conclusions: Several factors were identified as possible determinants of CO-VID-19 transmission at the municipality level. Despite limitations to the study, we believe that this information should be considered to promote communication and prevention approaches. Further research should be conducted. © 2021 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS IN MAINLAND PORTUGAL. A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST 100 DAYS

The spatial diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the importance of geography in the interpretation of these phenomena. This article aims to identify the spread dynamics of COVID-19 in Mainland Portugal, at the municipal level, between March and June, and its relation with demographic and socio-economic factors. The diffusion process started in more populated and economically active areas, following the frontier areas, and later, it spread to lower density and ageing territories. The most recent trend shows a resumption of the importance of dense urban areas associated with the most vulnerable socio-economic groups concentrated in the functional Lisbon region.

The institutional capacity of the Health Sector and the response to COVID-19 in a global perspective

This study approaches the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) according to the responses to the first cycle of the COVID-19. The GHSI ranks countries' institutional capacity to address biological risks. We analyzed data regarding the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in 50 countries to assess the ability of GHSI to anticipate health risks. The lack of vaccination determined the spread of the COVID-19 in the first cycle of the pandemic in 2020. Country indicators are correlated and demonstrated by descriptive statistics. The clustering method groups countries by similar age composition. The main restriction that can be attributed to the GHSI concerns the preference of biomedical variables for measuring institutional capacity. Our work shows that the pandemic had a significant impact on better-prepared countries, according to the GHSI, to control the spread of diseases and offer more access to health care in 2020. This paper points out that the health sector depended on the cooperation of governments in the adoption of social distancing during the first cycle of the pandemic. The GHSI failed to consider the role of political leaders who challenge severe health risks by vetoing social distancing.